12 results
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Chorioretinitis • Diagnosis ... granulomatosis: • EBV-associated ... lymphoproliferative disease ... #differential #diagnosis ... causes #radiology #neurology
Lung Ultrasound for Diagnosing Pneumonia - Scan through 6 zones (3 per side) 1. Midclavicular line
Ultrasound for Diagnosing ... the diaphragm #Diagnosis ... #Peds #EM #PICU
Lyme Disease: Early and Late Clinical manifestations
Stage 1. Localized
 • EM appears 7-14 days at the
Lyme Disease: Early ... Localized • EM ... days-weeks after EM ... lymphocytic meningitis, CN ... #diagnosis #signs
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Pathophysiology: Triggering factor (infection,...)→Activation of CD8 T cells (IFN-y) → Excessive activation of macrophages
Infections+++: Virus (EBV ... • Autoimmune diseases ... Adult-onset Still disease ... biologics (CMV +++, EBV ... of emergency, ICU
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
- Differential Diagnosis ... Glomerular Proteinuria (Positive ... proliferative • Anti-GBM ... Minimal change disease ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
Differential Diagnosis ... : - ANCA-positive ... anti-ANCA ab, anti-GBM ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... cells per μL • Diagnosis ... Demyelinating disease ... effect/Edema • EBV ... and <25% culture positive
Rhombencephalitis
BACTERIAL
- Listeria (biphasic illness with bulbar dysfunction occurring later)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Pneumococcus
- Brucella
- Borrelia (Lyme Disease)
-
Borrelia (Lyme Disease ... Viruses (HSV, EBV ... Miller-Fisher GBS; Positive ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #Neurology
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Agglutinin Syndrome (CAS ... Diagnosis: • hemolytic ... dehydrogenase • Positive ... - Mycoplasma, EBV ... Differential Diagnosis
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
CNS Infections - ... virus • CMV • EBV ... • Gram stain: Positive ... Singh @rav7ks #CNS ... #neurology #meningitis