31 results
Differential diagnosis of schistocytes / fragmentation hemolysis:
 • Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA)
    - TTP
fragmentation hemolysis ... syndrome (ST-HUS ... • Severe B12 deficiency ... anemia" • HELLP ... syndrome • Catastrophic
Algorithmic Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework by MCV

Microcytic (MCV < 80) "TAILS":
 • Thalassemia
inflammation) • Iron deficiency ... -100): • Non-hemolytic ... , CKD • Hemolytic ... , B12 deficiency ... , Orotic aciduria
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
anemia): ... ) - HELLP syndrome ... uremic syndrome ... G6PD deficiency) ... diagnosis #hematology #anemia
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology Atlas
 • Microcytic - Iron-deficiency anemia, Thalassemia, Sideroblastic anemia, Lead poisoning
Microcytic - Iron-deficiency ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... spherocytosis, Hemolytic ... Schistocytes - Hemolytic ... uremic syndrome
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency ... • Vitamin E - Haemolytic ... Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... #Vitamins #Deficiency ... signs #symptoms #nutrition
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
Diseases: • GATA2 deficiency ... • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... Antibody-mediated hemolysis ... Nutritional
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 of
upper limb) • Nutritional ... risk factor for nutritional ... Anorexia nervosa Treatment ... Encephalopathy • A prompt treatment ... development of Korsakoff syndrome
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
Signs of Copper Deficiency ... diarrhoea, Short bowel syndrome ... dental fixatives, Treatment ... Haematological: Anaemia ... drkeithsiau #Copper #Deficiency
Causes of Iron Deficiency
 • Diet: ↓ Intake, e.g. vegan, Malnutrition, Polyphenol / tannins, ↓ Vitamin
Causes of Iron Deficiency ... hepcidin) • Others: Hemolysis ... drkeithsiau #Iron #Deficiency ... differential #diagnosis #anemia ... #nutrition
Elevated Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

LDH is a cytoplasmic enzyme present in tissues throughout
anemia, PNH, immune ... - Pernicious anemia ... - Iron deficiency ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... polyangiitis • Behçet's syndrome