9 results
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
• Vitamin E - Haemolytic ... anaemia, ataxia ... Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... Vitamin B12 - Anaemia ... signs #symptoms #nutrition
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
diarrhoea, Short bowel syndrome ... dental fixatives, Treatment ... Total parenteral nutrition ... /jejunal nutrition ... Haematological: Anaemia
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... Antibody-mediated hemolysis ... Nutritional
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
initiation of nutrition ... • Seizures • Hemolysis ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... #Nutrition #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
Refeeding Syndrome ... - Little or no nutritional ... -DPG -> - hemolysis ... - anemia ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency) - Diagnosis and Management

Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation of proline residues
breath, wasting, anemia ... Loss of teeth Anemia ... contribute to nonimmune hemolysis ... vasculitis Treatment ... #Nutrition #Diagnosis
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
• Aplastic Anemia ... Platelet Disorders • Nutritional ... factor (GCSF) treatments ... marrow studies Treatment ... Immunosuppressive treatment
Approach to Thrombocytosis - Elevated Platelet Count - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Peripheral Smear concerning for malignancy?
blood loss, Acute hemolysis ... , deficiency anemia ... Rebound effect from treatment ... Kawasaki, Nephrotic syndrome
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Epidemiology:
 • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
Stiff Person Syndrome ... and pernicious anemia ... Pathophysiology ... Treatment: • ... Diagnosis #Management #treatment