38 results
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
• Vitamin E - Haemolytic ... Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... gestation • Vitamin B12 ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms ... #nutrition
Differential diagnosis of schistocytes / fragmentation hemolysis:
 • Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA)
    - TTP
fragmentation hemolysis ... syndrome (ST-HUS ... crisis • Severe B12 ... anemia" • HELLP ... syndrome • Catastrophic
Algorithmic Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework by MCV

Microcytic (MCV < 80) "TAILS":
 • Thalassemia
Algorithmic Approach to Anemia ... -100): • Non-hemolytic ... , CKD • Hemolytic ... Folate deficiency, B12 ... deficiency, Orotic
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... Antibody-mediated hemolysis ... Nutritional ... consumption • Vitamin B12
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 of
upper limb) • Nutritional ... Anorexia nervosa Treatment ... Encephalopathy • A prompt treatment ... can improve symptoms ... development of Korsakoff syndrome
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
diarrhoea, Short bowel syndrome ... dental fixatives, Treatment ... Haematological: Anaemia ... #riskfactors #symptoms ... #nutrition
Elevated Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

LDH is a cytoplasmic enzyme present in tissues throughout
anemia, PNH, immune ... - Pernicious anemia ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... polyangiitis • Behçet's syndrome ... associated with any symptoms
Micronutrient Deficiencies After Gastric Bypass
Fat-Soluble Vitamins:
 • Vitamin A - Night/complete blindness, xeropthalmia (pathologic dryness of
ataxia), Korsakoff syndrome ... • Vitamin B12 ... - Macrocytic anemia ... Minerals: • Iron - Anemia ... Bypass #vitamin #nutrition
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Cold Agglutinin Syndrome ... (Cold-induced symptoms ... of anemia include ... anemia • Cold ... #anemia #hematology
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
wt loss • If anemia ... to manifest its symptoms ... , alcohol use, symptoms ... Check for IF ab Treatment ... diagnosis #management #nutrition