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Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Overview Cauda Equina ... Differential Diagnosis ... perianal region (S2-S4 ... #differential #diagnosis
Cardiac Auscultation Practice - S4 Gallop

S4: add this extra heart sounds by tapping first finger twice

Setup:
Auscultation Practice - S4 ... Gallop S4: add
Apical Impulse Waveforms on Physical Examination
- Normal
- Sustained Palpable S4
- "Triple Ripple"
- Palpable S3

#Apical #Impulse #Waveforms
Sustained Palpable S4 ... #PhysicalExam #Diagnosis
Cauda Equina Syndrome:

Top tips to save your arse (and your patient’s!)

1. Suspect? Investigate. If CES (threatened,
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... is a “possible diagnosis ... DrLindaDykes #Cauda #Equina ... #Syndrome #Diagnosis
Double Apical Impulse (S4) Visualization on Physical Exam - Hi-Res Video Version: https://www.grepmed.com/images/7802/physicalexam-cardiology-impulse-double-gallop-apical-signs

On palpation, the PMI
Apical Impulse (S4 ... A prominent S4 sound ... The S4 sound is ... Apical #Impulse #S4
Lumbar Central Canal Stenosis Grading 
  - Normal - No CSF effacement 
  -
of CSF; cauda equina ... Aggregation of cauda equina ... Classification #Diagnosis
Myotomes of the Spinal Cord
Each segmental nerve root innervates more than one muscle. For simplicity, certain
this is the cauda equina ... The cauda equina ... Myotomes #SpinalCord #Diagnosis
Double Apical Impulse (S4) Visualization on Physical Exam - A small stick taped to the chest
Apical Impulse (S4 ... had a prominent S4 ... Apical #Impulse #S4
Myocarditis
Diagnosis 
• Endomyocardial biopsy (gold standard, rarely performed) 
• Clinical presentation 
• Cardiovascular MRI 
Clinical 
•
Myocarditis Diagnosis ... tachycardia • S3, S4 ... #Myocarditis #Diagnosis
Lumbar stenosis guide we created to implement consistent radiology reporting across our multi-hospital network. 
Lumbar Central
of CSF; cauda equina ... Aggregation of cauda equina ... Central #Foraminal #Diagnosis