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Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
roots of lumbar spine ... Involves lumbar spine ... perianal region (S2-S4 ... • Provocative Tests ... absent anal wink test
Lumbar Central Canal Stenosis Grading 
  - Normal - No CSF effacement 
  -
of CSF; cauda equina ... Aggregation of cauda equina ... Spinal #Stenosis #Spine
Double Apical Impulse (S4) Visualization on Physical Exam - Hi-Res Video Version: https://www.grepmed.com/images/7802/physicalexam-cardiology-impulse-double-gallop-apical-signs

On palpation, the PMI
Apical Impulse (S4 ... A prominent S4 sound ... The S4 sound is ... ventricle and is best ... Apical #Impulse #S4
Lumbar stenosis guide we created to implement consistent radiology reporting across our multi-hospital network. 
Lumbar Central
of CSF; cauda equina ... Aggregation of cauda equina ... Spinal #Stenosis #Spine
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Neoplasm in lumbar spine ... etc) in lumbar spine
Thomas' Test for Hip Flexure Contracture

Thomas' Test assesses for hip flexure contracture.
One hip is maximally flexed
Thomas' Test for ... Contracture Thomas' Test ... flattening the lumbar spine ... the table, the test ... open_michigan #Thomas #Test
Pudendal Neuralgia
• Pudendal nerve arises from S2-S4 roots and innervates perineal structures
• Nerve is prone to
arises from S2-S4 ... 1) Ischial spine
Spinal Cord Injury by Nerve Root Levels
Spinal Root	Sensory	Motor	Reflex
C4	Acromioclavicular Joint	Respiration	None
C5	Radial Antecubital Fossa	Elbow Flexion	Biceps Reflex
C6	Dorsal Thumb	Wrist Extension	Brachioradialis Reflex
C7	Dorsal
Bulbocavernosus S3/S4 ... diagnosis #Neurology #Spine
Positive Lachman's Test

The Lachman test is a clinical test used to diagnose injury of the anterior
Positive Lachman's Test ... The Lachman test ... is a clinical test ... anterior drawer test ... with the patient supine
Orthopedic Essentials - Spinal Trauma and Spine Classification 
DENIS THREE COLUMN CONCEPT
Anterior column:
Spinal Trauma and Spine ... Criteria of unstable spine ... injury 3 Cauda equina ... Fracture #Trauma #Spine