24 results
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
pressure - Normal/low ... - Absent Serum ... albumin - Low ... - Present Serum ... #Diagnosis
Hirsutism - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
RAPID ONSET
Medications
 • Steroids
 • Danazol
 • Progestin Containing Contraceptives
Increased Serum Testosterone
- Differential Diagnosis ... Adrenal Neoplasm SLOW ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
urine magnesium x serum ... creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Hirsutism & Virilization - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADRENAL EXCESS
Ovarian
 • Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
 • Hyperthecosis
 • Tumor
Adrenal
- Differential Diagnosis ... Syndrome Tumor Low ... Serum Hormone Binding ... #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
aldosterone Causes ... • Weakness • Low-grade ... DHEAS Diagnosis ... addisons #disease #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #signs
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
out of cells may cause ... serum [K+] to be ... insulin as soon as serum ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... free water loss, Serum ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis (EuDKA)
SGLT2 Inhibitors
Increasing Indications
Significant Adverse Drug Effects
Definition of EuDKA
 • Metabolic acidosis with pH
3 • Decreased serum ... • Relatively low ... level < 200 mg/dL Pathophysiology ... Ketoacidosis #EuDKA #diagnosis ... #management #endocrinology
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Most cases diagnosed ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... Difficulty walking Diagnosis ... Phosphatase: • Other causes ... • Elevation of serum
Adie's Pupil
What? Unknown nature & benign
 • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm);
 • Light-near dissociaton;
unilateral; • Slow ... females Differential Diagnosis ... dissociation • Other causes ... #Adies #Pupil #PhysicalExam ... #neurology #ophthalmology