44 results
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
pressure - Normal/low ... - Absent Serum ... albumin - Low ... - Present Serum ... #Diagnosis
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
• Weakness • Low-grade ... Androgens: • Symptoms ... DHEAS Diagnosis ... endocrinology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
urine magnesium x serum ... creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... free water loss, Serum ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
serum [K+] to be ... insulin as soon as serum ... produces them when low ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Most cases diagnosed ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... mineralization Symptoms ... Phosphatase: • Other causes ... • Elevation of serum
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
weight loss - Low ... disturbances: low ... Refeeding #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... contents into serum ... , Elevated Cr, Low ... Syndrome #TLS #diagnosis
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
- Differential Diagnosis ... 10,000 ft) • Symptoms ... Tachypnea, - Low-grade ... respiratory failure or ARDS ... #differential #diagnosis
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
blood donor • Pathophysiology ... without other cause ... symptoms • Fever ... transfusion • Pathophysiology ... Reactions #hematology #diagnosis