29 results
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
/ AIDS - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... sensitivity of serum ... #AIDS #opportunistic ... InfectiousDiseases #Neurology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
dementia Pathophysiology ... • Depressive symptoms ... Diagnosis: MRI ... disorder #dementia #AIDS ... #Neurology
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
weight loss - Low ... disturbances: low ... Refeeding #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
from RTA type IV ... • Weakness • Low-grade ... DHEAS Diagnosis ... endocrinology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
cells may cause serum ... insulin as soon as serum ... produces them when low ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
blood donor • Pathophysiology ... : 2 hit mechanism ... to explain symptoms ... transfusion • Pathophysiology ... Reactions #hematology #diagnosis
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... Lysis Syndrome: • Pathophysiology ... contents into serum ... , Elevated Cr, Low ... Syndrome #TLS #diagnosis
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Most cases diagnosed ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... mineralization Symptoms ... Difficulty walking Diagnosis ... • Elevation of serum
Hepatorenal Syndrome Diagnosis
 • ↑ in serum Cr of ≥ 0.3mg/dL above baseline
Hepatorenal Syndrome Diagnosis ... • ↑ in serum ... non-responsive (i.e. giving IV ... type 2 HRS) • Low ... #HRS #nephrology
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease 

24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
in monitoring low-level ... expensive Serum ... Serum or urine for ... testing #workup #diagnosis ... nephrotic #nephritic #nephrology