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differential causes management potassium hypokalemia sodium acute diuretics excretion hypernatremia hyponatremia hypotonic k medications pharmacology physiologic renal
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
; High-Ceiling Diuretics ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
Algorithm for Management of Acute and Chronic Hyperkalemia Acute Hyperkalemia: - IV calcium (10 mL of 10%)
Algorithm for Management ... of Acute and Chronic ... optimal dose after serum ... #Algorithm #Management ... #treatment #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... (carbonic anhydrase ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... can be high or ... #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Diagnosis Framework ... phlebotomy High ... transfusion • HTN and edema ... • K sparing diuretics ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... Elimination (see Table ... caution in HTN & edema ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #nephrology #K
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Diagnosis Framework ... phlebotomy High ... transfusion • HTN and edema ... • K sparing diuretics ... #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
urine osm (in DI; high ... unavailable 2) Osmotic Diuresis ... correction of chronic ... risk for cerebral edema ... #nephrology #sodium
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. ***Typical presentations: • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic ... algorithm for hypokalemia ... urine Na/Cl < 0.7, high ... after correcting serum ... #algorithm #nephrology
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