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diagnosis differential management diuretics hypokalemia neurology renal table acute causes chronic cns criticalcare crrt encephalopathy excretion hiv hyponatremia hypotonic infections
Treatment of hyperkalemia via kaliuresis step 1 = volume resuscitation if hypovolemic step 2 = consider fludrocortisone step
Treatment of hyperkalemia ... #hyperkalemia ... #criticalcare #treatment ... #diuretics #diuresis ... #nephrology #algorithm
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Acute pulmonary edema ... • Edema associated ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... including laxative, enema ... or induced) #Hypokalemia ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Algorithm for Management of Acute and Chronic Hyperkalemia Acute Hyperkalemia: - IV calcium (10 mL of 10%)
Algorithm for Management ... optimal dose after serum ... #Algorithm #Management ... Acute #Chronic #treatment ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... Stabilization Treatments ... Redistribution Treatments ... caution in HTN & edema ... #potassium #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... (AKI, Post-AKI diuresis ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia ... table #sodium #nephrology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by: • Headache • Seizures • Altered mental
Blood transfusion, Hypercalcemia ... epilepticus Treatment ... underlying cause • Treatment ... Seizures: Treat with AEDs ... diagnosis #management #neurology
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. ***Typical presentations: • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm ... Cl; • Active diuretic ... to the dose of diuretic ... after correcting serum ... #nephrology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections: •
Infection in HIV / AIDS ... Antimicrobial treatment ... + mass effect/Edema ... - +mass effect/Edema ... sensitivity of serum
Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) - ICU One Pager Summary Indications (AIEOU): • A: Acidosis (usually severe metabolic)
, hypercalcemia, ... Overload (pulmonary edema ... refractory to diuretics ... chosen to match serum ... RRT #managment #nephrology
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