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differential management hypokalemia neurology renal table acute causes chronic cns diuretics encephalopathy excretion hiv hyponatremia hypotonic infections infectiousdiseases k managment
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Acute pulmonary edema ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... including laxative, enema ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) - ICU One Pager Summary Indications (AIEOU): • A: Acidosis (usually severe metabolic)
, hypercalcemia, ... Overload (pulmonary edema ... refractory to diuretics ... chosen to match serum ... #managment #nephrology
Algorithm for Management of Acute and Chronic Hyperkalemia Acute Hyperkalemia: - IV calcium (10 mL of 10%)
Algorithm for Management ... optimal dose after serum ... #Algorithm #Management ... Acute #Chronic #treatment ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... caution in HTN & edema ... definitive guide to diagnosis ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #nephrology #K
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia ... #differential #diagnosis ... table #sodium #nephrology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by: • Headache • Seizures • Altered mental
Blood transfusion, Hypercalcemia ... epilepticus Treatment ... underlying cause • Treatment ... Seizures: Treat with AEDs ... #management #neurology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections: •
Infection in HIV / AIDS ... Antimicrobial treatment ... + mass effect/Edema ... - +mass effect/Edema ... sensitivity of serum
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. ***Typical presentations: • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic ... algorithm for hypokalemia ... Cl; • Active diuretic ... after correcting serum ... #algorithm #nephrology
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