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diagnosis differential algorithm management hyperkalemia hypokalemia hyponatremia low pharmacology treatment metabolic nephrotic table workup alkalosis comparison glomerular high hypomagnesemia magnesium
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome == Nephrotic Syndrome == Onset - Insidious Edema - ++++ Blood
- Insidious Edema ... - Absent Serum ... Onset - Abrupt Edema ... - Present Serum ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Increased Intake • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Excretion (IV potassium ... #Hyperkalemia #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
aldosterone Causes ... : Most Common Causes ... Tuberculosis: can cause ... potassium • ↑ ... Check sodium, potassium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Chloride depletion syndromes • Gastrointestinal losses -
Causes of Metabolic ... administration Other causes ... syndrome • Severe potassium ... depletion (serum ... potassium <2 mmol
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... diagnosis #algorithm #causes ... #nephrology #potassium
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia: • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample! • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
releasing K+ into serum ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #high
Approach to Hypomagnesemia Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
urine magnesium x serum ... creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #magnesium
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma): • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Potassium-Binding ... obtain the desired serum ... Side Effects: Edema ... hypokalemia); nausea ... of aspiration #Potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
transfusion • HTN and edema ... • Recent IV potassium ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Electrolyte Repletion Significant electrolyte depletion can result in serious complications. These guidelines are meant to assist with
Goal serum potassium ... 5.0 mEq/L Goal serum ... 2.4 mg/dL Goal serum ... mechanisms can all cause ... the underlying cause
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