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diagnosis differential potassium high pharmacology renal algorithm binders binding comparison crrt diuresis diuretics encephalopathy excretion hypokalemia hyponatremia hypotonic managment modalities
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma): • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Potassium-Binding Agents ... obtain the desired serum ... Side Effects: Edema ... #medications #pharmacology ... #table #comparison
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... transfusion • HTN and edema ... Medications 2. ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... transfusion • HTN and edema ... Medications 2. ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Etiology: • Medications ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table ... caution in HTN & edema ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... irrigation • Management ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... #Table
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
algorithm Urine Na+K ... / serum Na >1 is ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by: • Headache • Seizures • Altered mental
Immunosuppressive agents ... Blood transfusion, Hypercalcemia ... Electrolyte abnormality, Medication ... Syndrome #diagnosis #management ... #neurology
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. ***Typical presentations: • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Tubulopathy: urine K/ ... after correcting serum ... Other medications ... continued in most cases ... differential #algorithm #nephrology
Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) - ICU One Pager Summary Indications (AIEOU): • A: Acidosis (usually severe metabolic)
, hypercalcemia, ... Overload (pulmonary edema ... chosen to match serum ... #Therapy #RRT #managment ... #nephrology #CRRT
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