17 results
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
- Insidious Edema ... - Absent Serum ... Onset - Abrupt Edema ... - Present Serum ... Nephritic #Comparison #Table
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... ultrasonography, serum ... osmolarity If cause ... #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Renal Loses - Medications ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes ... #Workup #hypomg
Ascites - Diagnostic Approach and Differential Diagnosis
The most common causes: cirrhosis, malignancy and heart failure. Approx
The most common causes ... more than one cause ... ) / absence of edema ... perforation), Serum ... Jcortesizaguirr #Ascites #workup
Causes of Petechial Rash - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Pinpoint areas (less than 2 mm) of hemorrhage, which
Causes of Petechial ... Rash - Differential ... Immunosuppressed • New medication ... deficiency Work ... hepatitis B and C • Serum
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... and Differential ... with previously stable ... #Hypertension #Workup ... #causes #Differential
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
3 questions to work ... approach to the differential ... Calculate serum ... #Hyponatremia #Differential ... Treatment #management #nephrology
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
obtain the desired serum ... Side Effects: Edema ... hypokalemia); nausea ... #Hyperkalemia #medications ... #pharmacology #table
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... transfusion • HTN and edema ... Medications 2. ... #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Acute pulmonary edema ... Kidney stones caused ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #Medications ... #Table