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diagnosis differential hyperkalemia potassium high management renal acute aids algorithm chronic cns diuretics excretion hypokalemia infections infectiousdiseases managment medications modalities
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Inhibitors of Na+K+ ... Kidney stones caused ... Association class IV ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
, K-sparing diuretics ... only if no clear cause ... (IV loop diuretic ... caution in HTN & edema ... #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... including laxative, enema ... and lymphomas, IV ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Algorithm for Management of Acute and Chronic Hyperkalemia Acute Hyperkalemia: - IV calcium (10 mL of 10%)
optimal dose after serum ... K + stabilizes) ... - Effective diuretic ... Acute #Chronic #treatment ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
transfusion • HTN and edema ... sparing diuretics ... • SLE • Type IV ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
transfusion • HTN and edema ... sparing diuretics ... • SLE • Type IV ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) - ICU One Pager Summary Indications (AIEOU): • A: Acidosis (usually severe metabolic)
Overload (pulmonary edema ... refractory to diuretics ... chosen to match serum ... Dialyzer is rigid case ... #managment #nephrology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections: •
Antimicrobial treatment ... + mass effect/Edema ... - +mass effect/Edema ... sensitivity of serum ... InfectiousDiseases #Neurology
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