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diagnosis differential hyperkalemia potassium renal table crrt diuresis diuretics excretion hematology hepatology hepatorenal hrs hyponatremia hypotonic leukostasis lysis management managment
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... including laxative, enema ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
phlebotomy High ... transfusion • HTN and edema ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
immature blasts and high ... WBC count cause ... contents into serum ... Spontaneous if high ... hydration - Hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
phlebotomy High ... transfusion • HTN and edema ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
algorithm Urine Na+K / serum ... diuresis can be high ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... table #sodium #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome ... Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... Kidney stones caused ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) - ICU One Pager Summary Indications (AIEOU): • A: Acidosis (usually severe metabolic)
derangements (hyperkalemia ... Overload (pulmonary edema ... chosen to match serum ... High clearance achieved ... RRT #managment #nephrology
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) Definition: • Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment. • Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Hepatorenal Syndrome ... Criteria): • ↑ Serum ... Treatment Overview ... Prognosis: • High ... #Hepatology #Nephrology
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