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diagnosis differential management hyperkalemia potassium high hypokalemia neurology renal abg acid acidbase aids bariatric base bloodgas bypass classification cns complications
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... including laxative, enema ... Renal tubular acidosis ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome ... Kidney stones caused ... • Liddle syndrome ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... Redistribution: Acidosis ... only if no clear cause ... caution in HTN & edema ... #potassium #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 2.
D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Acetazolamide Causes ... Volume depletion (diuresis ... restrictive lung disease ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
transfusion • HTN and edema ... • K sparing diuretics ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... - Metabolic acidosis ... • Addison’s disease
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
transfusion • HTN and edema ... • K sparing diuretics ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... - Metabolic acidosis ... • Addison’s disease
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia is usually caused ... Calculate serum ... demyelination syndrome ... vaptans (HF/liver disease ... #management #nephrology
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
presentations and disease ... perfusion - shock->treatments ... before beginning treatment ... Acute pulmonary edema ... - Compartment syndrome
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by: • Headache • Seizures • Altered mental
Shock, Autoimmune disease ... epilepticus Treatment ... the underlying cause ... • Treatment of ... with AEDs until cause
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... disease 2. ... Loop diuretics for ... Diagnosis #Management #causes ... #treatment #nephrology
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