23 results
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
- Insidious Edema ... - Absent Serum ... Onset - Abrupt Edema ... - Present Serum ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology
SIADH Treatment Options
1. Treat underlying cause of SIADH: Pain, Primary lung pathology, Post-operative phenomenon, Medications, Basically
SIADH Treatment ... Treat underlying cause ... Post-operative phenomenon, Medications ... • Re-check the serum ... #hyponatremia #nephrology
Management of SIADH
Treat underlying cause:
 • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
Treat underlying cause ... : • Causes can ... post-operative phenomenon, medications ... #hyponatremia #nephrology ... #treatment
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia is usually caused ... Calculate serum ... Treatment: Treatment ... the underlying cause ... #management #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Acute pulmonary edema ... Kidney stones caused ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #Medications
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Electrolyte abnormality, Medication ... epilepticus Treatment ... the underlying cause ... • Treatment of ... with AEDs until cause
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Etiology: • Medications ... only if no clear cause ... STOP offending medications ... caution in HTN & edema ... #potassium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
transfusion • HTN and edema ... Medications 2. ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
obtain the desired serum ... Side Effects: Edema ... constipation, diarrhea, nausea ... hypokalemia); nausea ... #Hyperkalemia #medications
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
Causes of Lactate ... perfusion - shock->treatments ... before beginning treatment ... Acute pulmonary edema ... - HIV/HAART medications