46 results
Fractional Excretion of Sodium - FENa
Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FENa) = (Urine Na+ x Serum Cr)
Fractional Excretion of Sodium ... Fractional Excretion of Sodium ... = (Urine Na+ x Serum ... Cr) / (Serum Na ... #nephrology #calculation
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
water retention 1) Serum ... Osmolarity 3) Urine Sodium ... 4) Serum Uric Acid ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium #low #uricacid
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
examination, check urine sodium ... and serum uric ... acid: - Urine sodium ... hyponatremia - Urine sodium ... Algorithm #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
- Insidious Edema ... casts - Absent Serum ... Onset - Abrupt Edema ... casts - Present Serum ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Table

 • Step 1: Correct for hyperglycemia. Corrected Na = [(glucose - 100)/
repeat BMP • Serum ... Diagnosis #Table #nephrology ... #sodium
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Hyponatremia Hypovolemic, Serum ... wasting Euvolemic, Serum ... Hypervolemic, Serum ... algorithm #diagnosis #sodium ... #low #nephrology
Pharmacologic Management of Constipation 
Fiber Laxatives
 - Bran powder
 - Psyllium
 - Methylcellulose
 - Calcium polycarbophil
Pharmacologic Management ... Surfactants - Docusate sodium ... Tap water - Sodium ... phosphate enema ... Pharmacologic #Management
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Treat Hyperkalemia Sodium ... for hydrogen and sodium ... obtain the desired serum ... Side Effects: Edema ... • Mechanism: Sodium-K
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
free water loss, Serum ... Sodium >145 mmol ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Ascites - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Paracentesis studies: cell count + differential, albumin, protein, culture
 • Serum-ascites-albumin-gradient
Diagnosis and Management ... protein, culture • Serum-ascites-albumin-gradient ... (SAAG): > 1.1 g ... cardiac ascites 1) Sodium ... Summary #Hepatology #SAAG