11 results
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
papilledema • Horner syndrome ... lyme • Altered mental ... • Meningeal signs ... lesion • CNS infection ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #neurology
Signs and Symptoms Associated With Different Headache Etiologies
 • Nonfocal mental status changes - Meningitis, encephalitis,
Signs and Symptoms ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... #signs #symptoms ... #clues #differential
Ear Pain (Otalgia) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Primary Otalgia 
 - Pain that originates from the ear
associated with infection ... external ear, sparing ... following symptoms: headache ... gland tumor Clues ... Otalgia #Ear #Pain #Otology
Emergent Causes of Headache and Associated Risk Factors
Carbon monoxide poisoning
 - Breathing in enclosed or confined
Emergent Causes ... ventilation of heating ... of sinus or ear infection ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... #redflags #signs
Hearing Loss - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hearing Loss Types:
• Conductive
• Sensorineural
• Mixed
Presbycusis is the most common type
Infection or cancer ... disruption ○ Otitis media ... cause unknown) ... II ○ Susac’s syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #otology
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
sinus, nasal, hearing ... , r/o infection ... recent DAN) • EMG ... Goodpasture's cause ... blood retum in serial
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
characterized by: • Headache ... status • Headache ... may precede the neurologic ... the underlying cause ... with AEDs until cause
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis (BCNIE)
Definition: No etiology found after 3 separate blood cultures remain negative for
requires special media ... but important causes ... factors: - Serology ... antiphospholipid syndrome ... special stains (e.g
Giant cell arteritis (GCA)

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) definition: Most common systemic inflammatory vasculitis in older adults
with systemic, neurologic ... Involves large and medium ... systemic sx + signs ... vasculitis vs infection ... claudication, headaches
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
, arrhythmias Etiology ... Bactrim, PCN G-K), K-sparing ... heparinized tube) • ECG ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table