20 results
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Infiltrative disorders (e.g ... - Medications (e.g ... diseases (e.g. ... #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
- Malignancy (e.g ... CNS pathology (e.g ... Suppressed - Advanced renal ... #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes #Sodium
Hypermagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism
Renal Failure 
Excessive Mg Administration 
 - Massive PO intake
by Mechanism Renal ... IV Mg infusion (e.g ... #Diagnosis #High ... #Magnesium #Table ... #Causes #Management
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
values. 3. ... risk factors (eg ... hypertension (eg ... hypertension (eg ... #causes #Differential
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
mononeuritis multiplex WORKUP ... recent DAN) • EMG ... Goodpasture's cause ... of DAH) RENAL FINDINGS ... #Syndromes #differential
Peri-operative Hyperthermia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
If prolonged or ≥ 39 C this is a
Surgical devices, e.g ... Sepsis (→ 3-14) e.g ... malignant syndrome (e.g ... #Causes #Anesthesiology ... #Management #Workup
Hypotension - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

Hypotension is commonly due to unnecessarily deep anaesthesia, the autonomic
system including valves ... and positioning (e.g ... (eg steroid dependency ... #Anesthesiology ... #Management #Workup
Back Pain - Differential Diagnosis
Primary Back Pathology:
 • Musculoligamentous injury (a.k.a. lumbosacral strain)
 • Spondylosis (i.e.
breast, prostate, renal ... spondyloarthritis (e.g ... spondyloarthritis (e.g ... #Diagnosis #causes ... #primarycare #table
Shock - Differential Diagnosis Framework
MAP = CO x SVR
Hypovolemic (↓ Intravascular volume):
 • Hemorrhage, dehydration due
Shock - Differential ... dehydration due to renal ... findings based on cause ... #Diagnosis #table ... #comparison #criticalcare
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus

AXR. KUB
 - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
is desirable, e.g ... obstruction - Able ... identify non-calculus causes ... MRI - Limited value ... for non-calculus causes