26 results
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... , Bartter's syndrome ... #Hypokalemia #Causes ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Low Cl intake, Diuretics ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... PRA: Adenoma, BAH ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
polyneuropathy (e.g ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... Hyperthyroidism, Serotonin syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #neurology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome ... Kidney stones caused ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... , including a diuretic ... with previously stable ... values. 3. ... Neurologic disorders
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... Thiazide or loop diuretics ... after renal tubule diuretic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Peri-operative Hyperthermia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
If prolonged or ≥ 39 C this is a
Treatment depends ... maintained fever CAUSES ... Phaeochromocytoma Neurologic ... #Differential #Causes ... Diagnosis #Management #Workup
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... (AKI, Post-AKI diuresis ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
reabsorption) Workup ... heparinized tube) • ECG ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table ... #potassium #nephrology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
high WBC count cause ... • Triggers: Diuretics ... priapism • Lab values ... sudden death • Lab values ... unless worrisome EKG