12 results
diagnosis differential causes algorithm hypokalemia high hyperkalemia low management metabolic diuretics excretion gitelman indications metabolicalkalosis nongap pathophysiology pharmacology rhabdomyolysis secondary
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
loop or thiazide diuretics ... , Gitelman syndrome ... Hypomagnesemia • Hypertension ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
after renal tubule ... diuretic effect ... generally indicates a renal ... other • Severe potassium ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis ... • Refeeding syndrome ... Thyrotoxicosis Medications ... • Discontinued diuretic ... #low #potassium
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Regulating Renal ... • Metabolic alkalosis ... #Renal #Excretion ... #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #Medications
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm GI Losses - Gastric • Vomiting • NG suction GI
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis ... Chloridorrhea Renal ... tubular transport • Diuretics ... Licorice • Liddle's Syndrome ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
with thiazide diuretic ... • Hypokalemia (renal ... potassium wasting ... , Renal tubular ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
the existence of hypertension ... hypokalemia • Renal ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... algorithm #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... suggests extra-renal ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... : Emesis, Diuretics ... #nephrology #low
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis Approach (when evaluation should be done): 1. Severe or
classes, including a diuretic ... and metabolic alkalosis ... Renal parenchymal ... White-coat syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #indications
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
• K sparing diuretics ... • Recent IV potassium ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... Medications 2. ... #high #nephrology
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