34 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
: Commonly no signs ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis ... #endocrinology ... #PTH #Primary #Secondary ... #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Primary Hyperthyroidism ... Secondary hyperthyroidism ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
• Primary Sjögren's is a solitary process whereas secondary Sjögren's
process whereas secondary ... / Symptoms: - ... Sjogrens #Syndrome #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
vomiting • Fatigue Signs ... Reduced libido • Signs ... Serum DHEAS Diagnosis ... addisons #disease #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #signs
Adrenal Insufficiency - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
Most Common Cause in the US: Autoimmune Adrenalitis
Other
Management Summary Primary ... ketoconazole, etomidate) Symptoms ... Causes of Secondary ... #Secondary #Diagnosis ... #Management #Endocrinology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Causes of Secondary ... and Differential Diagnosis ... Coarctation of aorta, Vasculitis ... • Endocrinologic ... Hypothyroidism, Primary
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
• Other rare causes ... Overproduction #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms ... #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... reflexes) • Urinary ... Syndrome #MSK #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms ... #signs
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
Viral replication causes ... PolyarteritisNodosa #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms #Vasculitis
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
clinical findings Primary ... spermatic vein Secondary ... #Varicocele #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Urology #Diagnosis