215 results
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Caused by splanchnic ... Exclude other AKI causes ... Classification: ... • Urine sodium ... - Salt and
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... insipidus Excessive salt ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... Mineralocorticoid deficit - Salt-losing ... #Hyponatremia #Classification ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Management of SIADH
Treat underlying cause:
 • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
Treat underlying cause ... : • Causes can ... maintain long-term Salt ... and frequency of salt ... promoting passive sodium
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Osmolarity 3) Urine Sodium ... Uric Acid → renal salt ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Pediatric Fractures - Salter-Harris Classification 
Pneumonic: SALTR
#Diagnosis #Radiology #Ortho #Peds #Fracture #SalterHarris #Classification #Types #SALTR #Mnemonic
Salter-Harris Classification ... Pneumonic: SALTR ... #SalterHarris #Classification ... #Types #SALTR #
Comparison of Causes of Salt-Wasting in Infancy
 - PHA 1
 - PHA 3
 - 21-OH CAH
Comparison of Causes ... of Salt-Wasting ... Hypoaldosteronism #Salt ... Infancy #Comparison #Causes
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
aldosterone Causes ... : Most Common Causes ... Tuberculosis: can cause ... Symptoms: • Salt ... PRA • ↓ Serum sodium
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Composition of LR: • Sodium ... 109 mEq/L • Sodium ... 6.5 • SMART/SALT-ED ... shift • Saline Causes ... • Saline May Cause
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
- Cerebral salt ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes ... #Sodium