55 results
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Osmolarity 3) Urine Sodium ... Uric Acid → renal salt ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... insipidus Excessive salt ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
- Cerebral salt ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes #Sodium
Management of SIADH
Treat underlying cause:
 • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
Treat underlying cause ... : • Causes can ... maintain long-term Salt ... and frequency of salt ... promoting passive sodium
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm ... osmostat, Cerebral salt ... #Hyponatremia #Algorithm ... #diagnosis #sodium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... Insufficiency, Cerebral Salt ... differential #diagnosis #table
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... corticoid deficiency, Salt-losing ... diuresis, Cerebral salt ... #Causes #nephrology
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Mineralocorticoid deficit - Salt-losing ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
aldosterone Causes ... : Most Common Causes ... Tuberculosis: can cause ... Symptoms: • Salt ... PRA • ↓ Serum sodium
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Composition of LR: • Sodium ... 109 mEq/L • Sodium ... 6.5 • SMART/SALT-ED ... shift • Saline Causes ... • Saline May Cause