1534 results
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis
Chloride depletion syndromes
 • Gastrointestinal losses
    -
Chloride depletion syndromes ... - Bartter syndrome ... - Gitelman syndrome ... • Liddle syndrome ... potassium depletion (serum
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
Between Nephrotic Syndrome ... and Nephritic Syndrome ... == Nephrotic Syndrome ... casts - Absent Serum ... casts - Present Serum
Hirsutism - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
RAPID ONSET
Medications
 • Steroids
 • Danazol
 • Progestin Containing Contraceptives
Increased Serum Testosterone
Contraceptives Increased Serum ... Hypertrichosis Increased Serum ... Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ... • Cushing's Syndrome
Ascites Differential Diagnosis Table - Serum Ascites Albumin Gradient (SAAG)

SAAG ≥ 1.1:
 • Cirrhosis
 • Portal
Diagnosis Table - Serum ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... Diagnosis #Table #Serum
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Hyponatremia Hypovolemic, Serum ... wasting Euvolemic, Serum ... Hypervolemic, Serum ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome
Diagnosis of ascites according to the serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG)
SAAG ≥ 1.1:
 - Ascitic protein
according to the serum ... Late Budd-Chiari syndrome ... Early Budd-Chiari syndrome ... Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome ... leak, Nephrotic syndrome
Hirsutism & Virilization - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADRENAL EXCESS
Ovarian
 • Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
 • Hyperthecosis
 • Tumor
Adrenal
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ... • Cushing's Syndrome ... Tumor Low Serum ... Insulin Resistance Syndrome ... Paraneoplastic Syndrome
Cryoglobulinemia Summary

Cryoglobulins:
 • Cryoglobulins are Igs in the serum that precipitate in vitro at temperatures below
are Igs in the serum ... Hyperviscosity Syndrome ... the presence of serum ... cryoglobulins • Elevated serum ... level • Low serum
Causes of Pleural Effusion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Exudative Effusion:
 - Pulmonary
     •
• Nephrotic Syndrome ... Fluid Protein/Serum ... Dehydrogenase (LDH)/Serum ... Fluid LDH > 2/3 Serum
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
Refeeding Syndrome ... Risk of Refeeding Syndrome ... cells -> Decr Serum ... proteins -> decr Serum ... #Refeeding #Syndrome