26 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Cl intake, Diuretics ... -: Diuretics, Bartter ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Cl intake, Diuretics ... -: Diuretics, Bartter ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... #Nephrology #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... , Osmotic diuresis ... use), Gitelman's ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Loop and thiazide diuretics ... - Osmotic diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... - Gitelman ... #Table #Classification
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... , Gitelman syndrom ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... - Normal/low blood ... pressure: Active diuretic ... , Gitelman syndrome
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Low intake ... Hypomagnesemia • Osmotic diuresis ... tubular acidosis • Gitelman's ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #Classification
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Cl intake, Diuretics ... -: Diuretics, Bartter ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... #Nephrology #Causes
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... with thiazide diuretic ... Surreptitious diuretic ... #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
losses, Diuretic ... tubal acidosis and metabolic ... alkalosis, Ketonuria ... , Osmotic diuresis ... #nephrology