16 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Alkalosis - Differential ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... -: Diuretics, Bartter ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... #Alkalosis #Differential
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Alkalosis - Differential ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... -: Diuretics, Bartter ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... #Nephrology #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... , Gitelman syndrom ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Loop and thiazide diuretics ... - Osmotic diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... - Gitelman ... #Diagnosis #Low
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
losses, Diuretic ... tubal acidosis and metabolic ... alkalosis, Ketonuria ... , Osmotic diuresis ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... tubular transport • Diuretics ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap ... #Nephrology #Differential
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Alkalosis - Differential ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... -: Diuretics, Bartter ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... #Nephrology #Causes
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... with thiazide diuretic ... Surreptitious diuretic ... #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
loop or thiazide diuretics ... /low blood pressure ... : Active diuretic ... , Gitelman syndrome ... diagnosis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
suggests extra-renal ... Alkalosis: Emesis ... , Diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... #differential #