18 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Syndrome, Gitelman ... Syndrome Volume ... GRA, Cushing's syndrome ... , Liddle syndrome ... #Nephrology #Causes
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Syndrome, Gitelman ... Syndrome Volume ... GRA, Cushing's syndrome ... , Liddle syndrome ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Aldosterone: Liddle's Syndrome ... SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... , Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrom ... #Algorithm #causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Differential Diagnosis ... use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #causes #urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... , Bartter's syndrome ... syndrome (mimics ... excess and related syndromes ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... syndrome - Mutation ... #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
acid, Liddle's Syndrome ... R - Cushing's syndrome ... , Bartter's syndrome ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Gitelman Syndrome ... Metabolic alkalosis ... #Syndrome #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... : - Hypokalemia ... Alkalosis - Elevated ... #Syndrome #Diagnosis ... #Workup #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
↓ Aldosterone: Syndrome ... excess, Liddle's syndrome ... Alkalosis: Emesis ... syndrome, Gitelman ... syndrome -