14 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... Syndrome Volume ... , Liddle syndrome ... #Primary #Metabolic
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... Syndrome Volume ... GRA, Cushing's syndrome ... , Liddle syndrome
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis ... Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary ... use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Aldosterone: Liddle's Syndrome ... SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... , Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrom
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... , Bartter's syndrome ... use), Gitelman's ... syndrome (mimics ... excess and related syndromes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
↓ Aldosterone: Syndrome ... excess, Liddle's syndrome ... Alkalosis: Emesis ... syndrome, Gitelman ... syndrome -
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
acid, Liddle's Syndrome ... R - Cushing's syndrome ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... , Bartter's syndrome ... , Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... syndrome - Mutation ... • Bartter syndrome ... #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... the indicated causes ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... Syndrome Euvolemic ... GRA, Cushing's syndrome ... , Liddle syndrome