11 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... Syndrome Volume ... #Primary #Metabolic
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Urinary Chloride ... use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #causes #urinary
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... Syndrome Volume ... #Nephrology #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... secreting tumor, Primary ... , Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrom ... #low #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
- Urinary Chloride ... Algorithm Cl- ... use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #Urinary #Chloride
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... syndrome - Mutation ... or low blood pressure ... #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
mEq/g suggests urinary ... ↑ Aldosterone: Primary ... ↓ Aldosterone: Syndrome ... syndrome, Gitelman ... syndrome -
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... Syndrome Euvolemic ... #Nephrology #Causes
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
R - Primary aldosteronism ... acid, Liddle's Syndrome ... , Bartter's syndrome ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... #nephrology #causes
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... > 20 meq/L • Primary ... Severe Cushing syndrome ... Congenital AME syndrome ... syndrome (defective