15 results
Congestive Heart Failure - Causes, Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
 • Dilated Cardiomyopathy 
 • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Heart Failure - Causes ... , Pathophysiology ... #Congestive #HeartFailure ... #Causes #Pathophysiology ... Differential #Diagnosis #cardiology
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Iron Deficiency ... Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... endpoint of all-cause ... #CHF #HFrEF #heartfailure
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
Association, which is classes ... flare ups that cause ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... CHF #Congestive #HeartFailure ... #NYHA #ACCAHA
High Output Heart Failure - Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
Obesity - Systemic Vasodilation, Vasoactive Adipokines
Arteriovenous Fistula -
Heart Failure - Pathophysiology ... #High #Output #HeartFailure ... #CHF #Pathophysiology ... Differential #Diagnosis #cardiology ... #causes
STAGES of CHF (A, B, C, D), however, describe the severity of structural abnormalities that impair
flare ups that cause ... #Management #Cardiology ... CHF #Congestive #HeartFailure ... Staging #Stages #ACCAHA
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Electrolyte/fluid shifts ... • These shifts ... Hypo-Mg2+ • Vitamin deficiency ... • Vitamin D deficiency ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
In order to better classify heart failure, the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American
American College of Cardiology ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... CHF #Congestive #HeartFailure ... Classification #Stages #Classes ... #NYHA #ACCAHA
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Intracellular Shift ... paralysis - Insulin deficiency ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Intracellular Shift ... paralysis - Insulin deficiency ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Most cases diagnosed ... • Vitamin C deficiency ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... respiratory failure • Neurologic ... Phosphatase: • Other causes