32 results
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Increased Intake
 • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Transcellular Shift ... #Hyperkalemia ... #Nephrology #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
• Evidence of glomerular ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
Causes of Hypokalemia ... is ruled out, causes ... of hypokalemia ... (transcellular shift ... #workup #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
patients with hypokalemia ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... : Hypokalemic periodic ... syndrome #hypokalemia ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
or dipstick) Glomerular ... of Glomerular Bleeding ... hematuria • Signs of glomerular ... Suggestive of glomerular ... #urology #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Intracellular Shift ... NephTwitter) #Hypokalemia ... Algorithm #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
the patient have glomerular ... hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Decreased intake (rare cause ... isolation) GI loss - Urine ... Transcellular shift ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... Proteinuria (Negative urine ... • Drugs Glomerular ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
of magnesium = (urine ... serum magnesium x urine ... intake, Gl loss, shift ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #magnesium