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differential algorithm hyperkalemia hypokalemia low high hypomagnesemia hyponatremia hypophosphatemia magnesium medications metabolic pharmacology rhabdomyolysis treatment acidosis alkalosis classification drugs hypertension
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Increased Intake • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... (IV potassium with ... reduced excretion ... Transcellular Shift ... #Hyperkalemia #Nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia Hyperkalemia is caused by excess potassium intake, impaired potassium excretion, or transcellular shifts. The
excretion, or transcellular ... shifts. ... with impaired renal ... and underlying renal ... dysfunction is common #Diagnosis
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 Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
- Differential Diagnosis ... Transcellular Shift ... • Refeeding syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
• IV Fluids Shift ... excretion: • ... (if preserved renal ... #Hyperkalemia #management ... #potassium #nephrology
Approach to Hypomagnesemia Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
Fractional excretion ... intake, Gl loss, shift ... cells FEMg >4% = renal ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary Trauma: • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury Exertional: •
- Differential Diagnosis ... and Management ... Shift of extracellular ... Monitor potassium ... #causes #treatment
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift • Recovery From DKA • Refeeding Syndrome • Acute Respiratory
- Differential Diagnosis ... Transcellular Shift ... • Refeeding Syndrome ... - Renal FE PO4 ... endocrinology #causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Hypokalemia results from abnormal losses, transcellular shifts, or insufficient intake (Table 1).6–8 Abnormal losses
transcellular shifts ... insufficient intake (Table ... significantly lower potassium ... excretion in response ... hospitalized patients #Diagnosis
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 Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Intracellular Shift ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... Excretion: • ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
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