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differential management algorithm nephrology hypokalemia hypercalcemia signs symptoms syndrome workup adrenal cardiology hematology insufficiency low medications neurology pathophysiology pharmacology anesthesia
Causes of Hyperkalemia Hyperkalemia is caused by excess potassium intake, impaired potassium excretion, or transcellular shifts. The
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... is caused by excess ... potassium intake ... transcellular shifts ... dysfunction is common #Diagnosis
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 Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Increased Intake • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Excretion (IV potassium ... Transcellular Shift ... #Hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia Management Algorithm • Treat the cause & optimize hemodynamics and ventilation • Reconsider treatment leadingto
• Treat the cause ... • Reconsider treatment ... and parenteral potassium ... Intracellular K+ Shift ... #potassium #high
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Increased Loss - Increased GI Loss - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Transcellular Shift ... #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm • IV calcium • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt • Consider
and ECG changes ... blocks, QRS axis shift ... #potassium #high ... #diagnosis #management ... #algorithm #treatment
Emergency Management of Hyperkalemia in Adults Assess Patient - Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure (ABCDE) Approach •
Management of Hyperkalemia ... mmol/L - Consider cause ... clinical scenario, ECG ... Gluconate IV Shift ... Prevention - Consider cause
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Diagnosis Framework ... phlebotomy High ... Intracellular Shift ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia: • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample! • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Diagnosis Algorithm ... TTKG should be high ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #high
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren) • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia ... • Increased EC ... shift of K (Succinylcholine ... #differential #diagnosis ... #pharmacology #potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia Hypokalemia results from abnormal losses, transcellular shifts, or insufficient intake (Table 1).6–8 Abnormal losses
Causes of Hypokalemia ... transcellular shifts ... significantly lower potassium ... hospitalized patients #Diagnosis ... #Causes
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