14 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
histoplasmosis) • Milk (calcium ... )-alkali syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #calcium #high ... #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia Evaluation
1) Clinical clues
 - Is the patient symptomatic?
 - Family history?
 - Have you done
Hypercalcemia Evaluation ... PTH - Frankly high ... #diagnosis #endocrinology ... #calcium #elevated ... #evaluation #workup
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
- Differential Diagnosis ... Phenytoin, Nephrotic Syndrome ... Activating Mutation in Calcium ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #Phosphate #endocrinology
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm
 • IV calcium
 • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt
 • Consider
Algorithm • IV calcium ... potassium and ECG ... blocks, QRS axis shift ... #potassium #high ... #diagnosis #management
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
immature blasts and high ... Spontaneous if high ... hydration - Hyperkalemia ... unless worrisome EKG ... #TLS #diagnosis
Malignant Adrenal Mass - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Suggestive of Malignancy: Inhomogenous Density, Delay in CT Contrast Washout
- Differential Diagnosis ... Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ... Hypertension +/- Hypokalemia ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... and Differential Diagnosis ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... #Hypertension #Workup ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Intraoperative Cardiac Ischaemia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

If the patient is unconscious, signs of cardiac
Have a high index ... magnesium and calcium ... consultation with cardiology ... Intraoperative #Checklist #Diagnosis ... #Management #Workup
Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVC's) - Summary Framework

Why PVCs?  Can be the first manifestation of cardiac
Inherited arrhythmia syndromes ... syndrome, ARVC) ... Hypomagnesemia • Hypokalemia ... percent PVCs/day • High ... #differential #cardiology
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies

Neutropenic fever:
- Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
full infectious work-up ... days → add fungal work-up ... interventional radiology ... plasmapheresis Hypercalcemia ... Oncology #HemeOnc #Diagnosis