13 results
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shift ... - Refeeding Syndrome ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
• Increased EC ... shift of K (Succinylcholine ... #differential #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology #potassium
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... hydration - Hyperkalemia ... unless worrisome EKG ... #TLS #diagnosis
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
Pulmonary Edema - Cardiac ... Metabolic Acidosis • Shift ... - Tetany - Cardiac ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... Dermatomyositis) AKI - Pathophysiology ... Shift of extracellular ... Monitor potassium ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia
Intraoperative Cardiac Ischaemia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

If the patient is unconscious, signs of cardiac
is unconscious, signs ... CM5 continuous ECG ... abnormalities particularly potassium ... Intraoperative #Checklist #Diagnosis ... #Management #Workup
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... and Differential Diagnosis ... hypertension and signs ... renal bruit or signs ... #Hypertension #Workup
Evaluation and Management of Hypokalemia

Hypokalemia is often asymptomatic. Evaluation begins with a search for warning signs
search for warning signs ... electrocardiography (ECG ... transcellular shifts ... depletion impedes potassium ... #Diagnosis #Hypokalemia
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... reabsorption) Workup ... heparinized tube) • ECG ... line, stabilizes cardiac ... #Treatment #potassium
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia ... (e.g. incidental ... neuropathy or cardiac ... #Management #Signs