263 results
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
EKG Findings Causes ... Granulomatous disease ... #EKG #ECG #Electrocardiogram ... #Differential #Causes ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
ECG Changes in Hyperkalemia and Treatment
Membrane Stabilization
 - Calcium gluconate or chloride 
Redistribution
 - Insulin
ECG Changes in Hyperkalemia ... and Treatment ... Hemodialysis #Hyperkalemia ... #Treatment #Management ... #Diagnosis #ECG
Emergency Management of Hyperkalemia in Adults
Assess Patient - Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure (ABCDE) Approach
 •
Emergency Management ... mmol/L - Consider cause ... guided by clinical ... scenario, ECG and ... Gluconate IV Shift
Constipation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Diet/Lifestyle
 • Fibre
 • Calories
 • Fluid
 • Exercise
 • Psychosocial
Medications
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... Hypothyroidism • Hypokalemia ... • Hypercalcemia ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Causes
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
- Differential Diagnosis ... - Chronic hypokalemia ... Various renal diseases ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Table #Causes
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
uropathy, Metabolic causes ... (e.g., hypokalemia ... , hypercalcemia) ... Treatment is aimed ... Types #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)
• At least 3 different P wave morphologies: 
• Rate 100-180
• Irregular 
Etiology
to chronic lung disease ... hypertension Management ... • Oxygen • Treatment ... MAT #Cardiology #Diagnosis ... #ECG #EKG #Management
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Summary Causes ... Dermatomyositis Clinical ... Shift of extracellular ... disease 2. ... #Management #causes
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm
 • IV calcium
 • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt
 • Consider
Hyperkalemia - Management ... potassium and ECG ... blocks, QRS axis shift ... potassium #high #diagnosis ... #treatment
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Genetic disorders (e.g ... #Hypercalcemia ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology