18 results
diagnosis nephrology differential causes algorithm hypokalemia management diuretics high low medications metabolic treatment urine chloride chronic diuresis excretion fatigue gitelman
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Transcellular Shift ... : • Alkalosis ... • Refeeding syndrome ... GI losses (NG suction ... #low #potassium
Diuretics sites of action on the nephron 1) Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) 2) Osmotic diuretics (e.g. mannitol) 3) Loop
Diuretics sites of action ... Metolazone) 5) Potassium-sparing ... nephron #diuretics #pharmacology ... #nephrology #medications ... #sites #action
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
patients with hypokalemia ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... Non-reabsorbable anion ... #hypokalemia ... #urine #potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation ... treated with IV potassium ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... #differential #potassium ... #nephrology #low
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
• Recent IV potassium ... Intracellular Shift ... - Transfusion reaction ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... #high #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
blood pressure: Active ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
• Recent IV potassium ... Intracellular Shift ... - Transfusion reaction ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... #high #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis ... /L • Gastric alkalosis ... vomiting/ nasogastric suction ... other • Severe potassium ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Intercellular Shift - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift - Appropriate renal excretion (GFR,
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Intercellular Shift ... Kinase • Non-Anion ... • Cell Lysis (e.g ... Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shifts ... : - Alkalosis, ... , nasogastric suction ... or induced) #Hypokalemia
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