34 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Transcellular Shift ... Thyrotoxicosis Medications ... • Discontinued diuretic ... nephrology #low #potassium
Causes of Hyperkalemia

Hyperkalemia is caused by excess potassium intake, impaired potassium excretion, or transcellular shifts. The
caused by excess potassium ... intake, impaired potassium ... transcellular shifts ... renal function, medication ... #Differential #
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... phlebotomy High ... • K sparing diuretics ... Intracellular Shift ... Medications 2.
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... phlebotomy High ... • K sparing diuretics ... Intracellular Shift ... Medications 2.
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Renal Loses - Medications ... abnormalities - Hypercalcemia ... - Hypokalemia ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential ... Low #Magnesium #Table
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia ... • Increased EC shift ... #differential # ... #pharmacology #potassium ... #medications #druginduced
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
 • Cellular Shift:
   - Exercise
Framework • Cellular Shift ... hyperosmolality - Medications ... Aldosterone: K sparring diuretics ... Diagnosis #Causes #potassium ... #high
Medications for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia
The goals of acute treatment are to prevent potentially life-threatening cardiac
Medications for ... disturbances, shift ... , changes on ECG ... , and Table 3 summarizes ... medications used
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Hypokalemia Differential ... Renal loss • Medication ... Hypomagnesemia • Osmotic diuresis ... Transcellular shift ... #Differential #
Constipation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Diet/Lifestyle
 • Fibre
 • Calories
 • Fluid
 • Exercise
 • Psychosocial
Medications
 •
Constipation - Differential ... Psychosocial Medications ... Neurally Active Medications ... Aluminum, Calcium, Potassium ... • Hypercalcemia