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diagnosis nephrology algorithm hypokalemia management treatment low classification rhabdomyolysis aniongap comparison effects heat illness intercellularshift k lactated lr metabolic nongap
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Causes of High-anion ... Hypokalemia ... Potassium-sparing ... #differential #
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Intracellular Shift ... - Metabolic acidosis ... diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework • Cellular Shift: - Exercise
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... - Differential ... Framework • Cellular Shift ... - Metabolic Acidosis ... #potassium #high
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Poor Intake - Starvation - Anorexia GI Losses - Vomiting / NG
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Diagnosis #Low #Potassium ... #Table #Classification ... #Causes
Causes of Hyperkalemia Pseudohyperkalemia - Tourniquet use - Hemolysis (in vitro) - Leukocytosis - Thrombocytosis Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... shift - Acidosis ... renal tubular acidosis ... #Causes #diagnosis ... #differential
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Intracellular Shift ... - Metabolic acidosis ... diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm • IV calcium • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt • Consider
Hyperkalemia - Management ... bicarbonate if acidosis ... and ECG changes ... blocks, QRS axis shift ... #potassium #high
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... wasting from other causes ... urinary losses: • High ... - Metabolic acidosis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential
Causes of Hypokalemia Hypokalemia results from abnormal losses, transcellular shifts, or insufficient intake (Table 1).6–8 Abnormal losses
Causes of Hypokalemia ... transcellular shifts ... insufficient intake (Table ... significantly lower potassium ... #Differential #
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