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diagnosis differential treatment nephrology high hypokalemia medications pathophysiology hematology low product reactions rhabdomyolysis aldosterone angiotensin comparison criticalcare crystalloids diuresis diuretics
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Increased Intake • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Excretion (IV potassium ... Transcellular Shift ... #Hyperkalemia ... #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Increased Loss - Increased GI Loss - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Transcellular Shift ... Refeeding Syndrome #Hypokalemia ... #causes #potassium
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... • IV Fluids Shift ... peaks 1-2h) • Blood ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia ... #management #potassium
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren) • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia ... • Increased EC shift ... Benyzlpenicillin, blood ... pathophysiology #pharmacology ... #potassium #medications
Emergency Management of Hyperkalemia in Adults Assess Patient - Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure (ABCDE) Approach •
Emergency Management ... mmol/L - Consider cause ... Gluconate IV Shift ... Monitor K+ and Blood ... #management #algorithm
Hyperkalemia Management Algorithm • Treat the cause & optimize hemodynamics and ventilation • Reconsider treatment leadingto
Hyperkalemia Management ... Algorithm • Treat ... the cause & optimize ... Intracellular K+ Shift ... #Management #Algorithm
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia: • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample! • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Alwavs Repeat Blood ... while drawing blood ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm • IV calcium • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt • Consider
Hyperkalemia - Management ... Algorithm • IV ... Dialysis Serum potassium ... blocks, QRS axis shift ... #potassium #high
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Crush injury • Blood ... Intracellular Shift ... Blood transfusion ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... treated with IV potassium ... wasting from other causes ... losses: • High Blood ... • Low/Normal Blood
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