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differential nephrology high management treatment hypokalemia medications rhabdomyolysis binders binding classification diuretics effects excretion k lactated low lr normal ns
Causes of Hypokalemia Hypokalemia results from abnormal losses, transcellular shifts, or insufficient intake (Table 1).6–8 Abnormal losses
Causes of Hypokalemia ... transcellular shifts ... insufficient intake (Table ... significantly lower potassium ... hospitalized patients #Diagnosis
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 Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma): • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Potassium-Binding ... ); nausea, vomiting ... of aspiration #Potassium ... #medications #pharmacology ... #table #comparison
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Poor Intake - Starvation - Anorexia GI Losses - Vomiting / NG
Diagnosis Poor ... Urinary Losses - Diuretics ... #Low #Potassium ... #Table #Classification ... #Causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Diagnosis Framework ... • K sparing diuretics ... • Recent IV potassium ... Intracellular Shift ... #causes #potassium
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework • Cellular Shift: - Exercise
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Framework • Cellular Shift ... Aldosterone: K sparring diuretics ... #Causes #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Diagnosis Framework ... • K sparing diuretics ... • Recent IV potassium ... Intracellular Shift ... #causes #potassium
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
- Differential Diagnosis ... Management Summary Causes ... Shift of extracellular ... Monitor potassium ... Loop diuretics for
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary Trauma: • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury Exertional: •
Shift of extracellular ... Monitor potassium ... Loop diuretics for ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... Management #Summary #causes
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #Treatment #potassium
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
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