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differential causes algorithm nephrology hyperkalemia management low symptoms pathophysiology treatment high hypocalcemia classification insufficiency syndrome pharmacology workup adrenalmass blood complications
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Transcellular Shift ... Transcellular shifts ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... nephrology #low #potassium
Hypomagnesemia (Serum level < 1.7 mg/dL) Neuromuscular manifestations • Tremor, tetany, seizures • Weakness
dysrhythmias Hypokalemia ... • Renal potassium ... metabolism • Hypocalcemia ... Hypomagnesemia #Signs ... #Symptoms #Diagnosis
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... potassium excretion ... Drugs Increased potassium ... • Type 1 #Hyperkalemia ... #Diagnosis #algorithm
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Increased Intake • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Excretion (IV potassium ... Transcellular Shift ... #Hyperkalemia
Causes of Hyperkalemia Hyperkalemia is caused by excess potassium intake, impaired potassium excretion, or transcellular shifts. The
caused by excess potassium ... transcellular shifts ... with impaired renal ... and underlying renal ... dysfunction is common #Diagnosis
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 Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Low intake • poor oral intake Renal loss • Medication • Hypomagnesemia •
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... oral intake Renal ... Transcellular shift ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... minutes) Decrease potassium ... • IV Fluids Shift ... (if preserved renal ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Increased Loss - Increased GI Loss - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Transcellular Shift ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #causes #potassium
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... ↑ Aldosterone: Adrenal ... #urine #potassium ... differential #algorithm #diagnosis
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Poor Intake - Starvation - Anorexia GI Losses - Vomiting / NG
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Poor ... Mineralocorticoid excess - Renal ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Low #Potassium
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