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differential causes hyperkalemia high management nephrology treatment algorithm evaluation heat heatstroke illness infusion medications pathophysiology pris propofol related stroke summary
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren) • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
• Increased EC shift ... #differential #diagnosis ... pathophysiology #pharmacology ... #potassium #medications ... #druginduced
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Diagnosis Framework ... • Recent IV potassium ... Intracellular Shift ... lysis syndrome - Rhabdomyolysis ... #causes #potassium
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary Trauma: • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury Exertional: •
Differential Diagnosis ... Shift of extracellular ... Monitor potassium ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Diagnosis Framework ... • Recent IV potassium ... Intracellular Shift ... lysis syndrome - Rhabdomyolysis ... #causes #potassium
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - ... Differential Diagnosis ... Shift of extracellular ... Monitor potassium ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Causes of Hyperkalemia Pseudohyperkalemia - Tourniquet use - Hemolysis (in vitro) - Leukocytosis - Thrombocytosis Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... shift - Acidosis ... chemotherapy - Rhabdomyolysis ... acidosis) #Hyperkalemia ... #Causes #diagnosis
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework Heat Cramps: • Muscle pain or spasm -
- Differential Diagnosis ... Loss of sodium/Potassium ... → Syncope • Signs ... - Hyperkalemia ... #differential #diagnosis
Propofol-Related Infusion Syndrome (PRIS) Diagnosis is based on a constellation of clinical suspicion and biochemical signs including:
Syndrome (PRIS) Diagnosis ... and biochemical signs ... Metabolic acidosis • Rhabdomyolysis ... Hypertriglyceridemia • Hyperkalemia ... #Management #Pharmacology
Evaluation and Management of Hypokalemia Hypokalemia is often asymptomatic. Evaluation begins with a search for warning signs
Hypokalemia is ... search for warning signs ... transcellular shifts ... depletion impedes potassium ... #Diagnosis #Hypokalemia
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 Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... extracellular shift ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #High #Potassium ... #Classification
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