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diagnosis nephrology differential management hyperkalemia causes hematology product reactions urine alkalosis chloride comparison effects kdigo lactated lr metabolic normal ns
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... effective arterial blood ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #urine #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #causes #potassium
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... syndrome #Hypokalemia ... #potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... urinary losses: • High ... Blood Pressure: ... consumption • Low ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... blood pressure ... (renal potassium ... • Seizures • Rhabdomyolysis ... Treatment -
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm • IV calcium • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt • Consider
Algorithm • IV ... • Consider K+ binder ... blocks, QRS axis shift ... #potassium #high ... #treatment
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
phlebotomy High ... Crush injury • Blood ... Intracellular Shift ... lysis syndrome - Rhabdomyolysis ... Blood transfusion
Hyperkalemia Management Algorithm • Treat the cause & optimize hemodynamics and ventilation • Reconsider treatment leadingto
Algorithm • Treat ... • Reconsider treatment ... Intracellular K+ Shift ... #treatment #potassium ... #high
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
phlebotomy High ... Crush injury • Blood ... Intracellular Shift ... lysis syndrome - Rhabdomyolysis ... Blood transfusion
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - ... UA positive for blood ... Shift of extracellular ... fluid/Lactated ringers ... Monitor potassium
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