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diagnosis differential algorithm treatment hyperkalemia hypokalemia renal syndrome hematuria hyponatremia kidney urology alkalosis clinical hematology high low metabolic microscopy pathophysiology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Increased Intake • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Excretion (IV potassium ... Transcellular Shift ... #Hyperkalemia #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
minutes) Decrease potassium ... • IV Fluids Shift ... peaks 1-2h) • Blood ... #Hyperkalemia #management ... #potassium #nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified ... #blood #urine
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... effective arterial blood ... #potassium #differential ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Approach to Hypomagnesemia Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
of magnesium = (urine ... serum magnesium x urine ... intake, Gl loss, shift ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #magnesium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... losses: • High Blood ... #nephrology #low
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Investigations: full blood ... osmolarity If cause ... screen, including blood ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Rouleaux in urine sediment - Urine Microscopy Rouleaux in urine sediment. As the finding in the blood
Rouleaux in urine ... sediment - Urine ... finding in the blood ... smears, it is caused ... Microscopy #clinical #nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria: Red/Dark urine ... • 1ml blood/liter ... urine can induce ... #urology #nephrology ... blood
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones Acute Managment: • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids • Facilitating passage of stone:
Management of Pediatric ... Kidney Stones Acute Managment ... retrieve stone using urine ... Protein diet - Urine ... #Pediatrics #nephrology
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