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diagnosis differential hyperkalemia treatment hypokalemia classification criticalcare low neurology overview pediatrics rhabdomyolysis shock alkalosis balance chloride comparison crrt diuresis drugs
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
• IV Fluids Shift ... 90 minutes) • Sodium ... (if preserved renal ... #Hyperkalemia #management ... #potassium #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Extra-renal Losses ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... of hypokalemia starts ... hypokalemia • Renal ... #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison Composition of LR: • Sodium 130 mEq/L •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... and necrosis in states ... transcellular shift ... • Saline Causes ... densa receives high
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Intracellular Shift ... - Hyperosmolar states ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia - Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment -
Hypokalemia - Shift ... - Insulin (high ... overdose) - Sodium ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology ... #Causes #hypomg
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Intracellular Shift ... - Hyperosmolar states ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones Acute Managment: • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids • Facilitating passage of stone:
Management of Pediatric ... Kidney Stones Acute Managment ... protein - Low sodium ... Monitoring for extra-renal ... #Pediatrics #nephrology
Hyperkalemia Management Algorithm • Treat the cause & optimize hemodynamics and ventilation • Reconsider treatment leadingto
Hyperkalemia Management ... Algorithm • Treat ... the cause & optimize ... Intracellular K+ Shift ... #potassium #high
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... suggests extra-renal ... causes • Laxative ... urinary losses: • High ... #nephrology #low
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